Fungsi Utama Konstitusi (2024)

Kompas.com - 12/09/2023, 15:00 WIB

Verelladevanka Adryamarthanino ,
Tri Indriawati

Tim Redaksi

Verelladevanka Adryamarthanino Penulis Tri Indriawati Editor

Fungsi Utama Konstitusi (1)

Lihat Foto

UUD 1945 yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1946 di Jakarta(Wikimedia Commons/Information Division, Indonesian National Committee (Probolinggo Branch))

Sumber Kompas.com

KOMPAS.com - Konstitusi atau Undang-undang Dasar (UUD) adalah keseluruhan sistem ketatanegaraan suatu negara yang berupa kumpulan peraturan untuk membentuk dan mengatur atau memerintah dalam suatu negara.

Konstitusi Indonesia disebut dengan UUD 1945.

Setelah konstitusi terbentuk, ada setidaknya dua bagian pokok konstitusi, yaitu bagian formil dan bagian materiil.

Bagian formil mengandung aturan-aturan yang berhubungan dengan badan-badan tertinggi dalam negara, prosedur dan penetapan badan-badan, serta prinsip-prinsip struktural pokok dari negara.

sem*ntara itu, bagian materiil berisi tentang nilai-nilai, maksud dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai negara, demokrasi, keadilan sosial, dan hak-hak dasar manusia atau warga negara.

Dari penjelasan ini dapat diketahui bahwa konstitusi memiliki peranan penting dalam suatu tatanan negara.

Mari ketahui lebih lanjut fungsi konstitusi.

Baca juga: Sejak Kapan Indonesia Memiliki Konstitusi?

Fungsi Konstitusi

Menurut Jimly Asshiddiqie, seorang akademisi Indonesia, ada 10 fungsi Konstitusi, sebagai berikut:

  1. Sebagai penentu dan pembatas kekuasaan organ negara
  2. Sebagai pengatur hubungan kekuasaan antar organ negara
  3. Sebagai pengatur hubungan kekuasaan antar organ negara dengan warga negara
  4. Sebagai pemberi atau sumber legitimasi terhadap kekuasaan negara atau pun kegiatan penyelenggaraan kekuasaan negara
  5. Sebagai penyalur atau pengalih kewenangan dari sumber kekuasaan yang asli (rakyat) kepada organ negara
  6. Fungsi simbolik sebagai pemersatu
  7. Fungsi simbolik sebagai rujukan identitas dan keagungan kebangsaan
  8. Fungsi simbolik sebagai pusat upacara
  9. Sebagai sarana pengendalian masyarakat
  10. Sebagai sarana perekayasaan dan pembaharuan masyarakat

Baca juga: Perbedaan Konstitusi dan UUD

Selain itu, disebutkan pula fungsi lain dari Konstitusi, yaitu:

  • Sebagai dokumen nasional yang berisi perjanjian luhur
  • Sebagai piagam kelahiran negara baru
  • Sebagai sumber hukum tertinggi
  • Sebagai identitas nasional dan lambang persatuan
  • Sebagai alat untuk membatasi kekuasaan
  • Sebagai pelindung HAM

Lebih lanjut, prinsip utama Konstitusi setidaknya harus memiliki empat fungsi penting, yaitu:

  • Fungsi Limitatif: Konstitusi sebagai pembatas kekuasaan
  • Fungsi Integratif: Konstitusi membutuhkan proses integrasi nasional
  • Fungsi Protektif: Konstitusi wajib mengatur hak-hak perlindungan rakyat
  • Fungsi Transformatif: Konstitusi wajib melakukan rekayasa sosial sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman

Referensi:

  • Riyanti, Astim. (2000). Teori Konstitusi. Bandung: Penerbit Yapemdo.
  • Asshiddiqie, Jimly. (2010). Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme di Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

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Tag

  • konstitusi
  • sejarah indonesia
  • fungsi konstitusi di indonesia
  • sebutkan fungsi konstitusi
  • fungsi konstitusi adalah
  • Apa Fungsi Konstitusi?
Lihat Stori Selengkapnya
  • Sejarah Terbentuknya Konstitusi di Indonesia
  • Bagaimana Pandangan Soepomo Tentang Pentingnya Konstitusi?
  • Negara Bagian RIS Berdasarkan Konstitusi RIS
  • Perbedaan Konstitusi dan UUD
  • Abikoesno Tjokrosoejoso, Arsitek yang Turut Merumuskan Konstitusi RI

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kg['multiFormat'] = true; } options['additional'] = { kg:kg }; } return recHelperObj.getJxRecommendations(options); } else { return fetchRecommendationsP(basicInfo, recHelperObj.getJxUserInfo()); } }) .then(function(resp) { if (thisObj._engine.type == 'api-3') { recResults = new Object recResults.items = resp.docs.result; } else { recResults = resp; } recResults.engine = thisObj._engine; if (!resp || !recResults.items || recResults.items.length == 0) { /*** * JXRECSDK NOTES 2 of 5 - * Call the error() function on the recHelper when either an error * has occured in the fetching or there are no recommended items * * (This will register the action=error event) */ recHelperObj.error(204); throw "no recommendation results"; } }) .then(function() { // everything is ready (recommendation results, css): document.getElementById("rekomendasi-konten-pilihan-untukmu-aiml").classList.remove("-loading"); document.querySelector('.wSpec-list').remove(); createDisplay(rand, thisObj._container, recResults, recHelperObj) .then(function() { toggleDropdown(); //observe lozad lozad('.lozad', { load: function(el) { el.src = el.dataset.src; el.onload = function() { el.classList.add('fade') } } }).observe() }) }) .catch(function(error) { console.log(`Unable to create recommendations widget ${error.stack} ${error.message}`); }); } } var limit_gtm_ready = 1; function check_gtm_ready() { if ('ga' in window) { // create a new instance of our widget based on the options const newW = new OneWidget(); newW.kickOff(); } else { const timeout_gtm_ready = setTimeout(check_gtm_ready, 500) limit_gtm_ready += 1; if (limit_gtm_ready > 10) { clearTimeout(timeout_gtm_ready); const newW = new OneWidget(); newW.kickOff(); } } } check_gtm_ready() document.querySelector('.wSpec-secret').addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); let wSl = document.querySelectorAll('.wSpec-source'); if (wSl.length > 0) { for (let i = 0; i < wSl.length; i++) { wSl[i].classList.toggle('show') } } }) function trackEventGa(category, action, label) { if ("ga" in window) { ga(function() { tracker = ga.getAll()[0]; if (tracker) { tracker.send("event", category, action, label); console.log('track event ', category, action, label) } }) } } function trackMixpanel(domain, user_subs_type, subs_type, is_lgn, is_load, time_load, engine){ // if(domain.indexOf("katanetizen") != -1){ // console.log("sini", domain, user_subs_type, subs_type, is_lgn, is_load, time_load, engine); // mixpanel.track('AIML Widget Loaded', { // 'Page Type': 'Read', // 'Page Domain': domain, // 'Page Subscription Type': subs_type, // 'Login Status': is_lgn, // 'Load Status': is_load, // 'Load Time': time_load, // 'Engine': engine, // 'Widget Type': 'Article', // }); mixpanel.track('aiml_content_loaded', { 'Page Type': '', 'Page Domain': 'Kompas.com', 'User Type': user_subs_type, 'Page Subscription Type': subs_type, 'Log In Status': is_lgn, 'Load Status': is_load, 'Load Time': time_load, 'Engine': engine, 'Widget Type': 'Article', }); console.log('track mix panel', 'AIML Widget Loaded', 'Read') let kmp_nm = getCookie('kmp_nm'); if(kmp_nm){ distinct_id = mixpanel.get_distinct_id(); mixpanel.identify(distinct_id); mixpanel.people.set({ '$name': atob(kmp_nm), 'Subscription Type': subs_type, }); console.log('track mix panel people', 'AIML Widget Loaded', 'Read') } // } } function formBody(obj) { let formBody = []; for (var property in obj) { let encodedKey = encodeURIComponent(property); let encodedValue = encodeURIComponent(obj[property]); formBody.push(encodedKey + "=" + encodedValue); } return formBody.join("&"); } function getCookie(name) { var name = name + '='; var cookies = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie).split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var c = cookies[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } } function get_guid(url) { const videoPath = url.match(/\/watch\/(\d+)/); if (videoPath) { return `video.${videoPath[1]}`; } let arrayUrl = url.split('/'); let readPath = arrayUrl.indexOf('read'); if (arrayUrl[readPath + 1] == 'xml') { readPath += 1; } let year = arrayUrl[readPath + 1]; let month = arrayUrl[readPath + 2]; let date = arrayUrl[readPath + 3]; let id = arrayUrl[readPath + 4]; let guid = `.xml.${year}.${month}.${date}.${id}`; return guid; } function toggleDropdown() { let tdd = document.querySelectorAll('[data-dropdown]') if (!!tdd) { tdd.forEach((el) => { el.addEventListener('click', function() { el.parentElement.classList.toggle('-active') let saved = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-saved') let kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); if (kmps_usrid && !saved && el.parentElement.classList.contains('-active')) { let url = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-url'); let guid = get_guid(url); check_bookmark( kmps_usrid, guid ).then(function(resp) { if (resp.hasOwnProperty('total_data')) { if (resp.total_data > 0) { el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').classList.add('-active'); el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'true'); } else { el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'false'); } } }) } }) document.addEventListener("click", function(e) { // console.log(e.target) if (el.contains(e.target)) { // console.log(tdd) } else { el.parentElement.classList.remove('-active') } }); }); } } function check_bookmark(kmps_usrid, guid) { let url = `https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/list?kmps_usrid=${kmps_usrid}&guid=${guid}`; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)) } }; xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true); xmlhttp.send(); }); } function do_bookmark(pageurl, pos, userFeedback) { const wSpecItem = document.querySelector(`.wSpec-item[data-index="${pos}"]`); const btnBookmark = wSpecItem.querySelector('.buttonBookmark'); const kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); const guid = get_guid(pageurl); const type = pageurl.match(/\/watch\/(\d+)/) ? 'video' : 'article'; if (kmps_usrid) { if (btnBookmark.classList.contains('-active')) { set_unbookmark({ guid: guid, kmps_usrid: kmps_usrid, type: type }).then(function(resp) { btnBookmark.classList.remove('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Simpan artikel'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil dihapus dari list yang disimpan'); userFeedback.event('un-save'); }).catch(function(resp) { // message: "Data doesn't exists" if (resp.hasOwnProperty('message') && resp.message.includes('exist')) { btnBookmark.classList.remove('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Simpan artikel'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil dihapus dari list yang disimpan'); } }) } else { const user_bookmark_url = "https://activity.kompas.com/saved?order=desc"; set_bookmark({ guid: guid, kmps_usrid: kmps_usrid, type: type, publisher: 'kompas', platform: 'desktop' }).then(function(resp) { btnBookmark.classList.add('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil disimpan', user_bookmark_url); userFeedback.event('save'); }).catch(function(resp) { // message: "Data already exist" if (resp.hasOwnProperty('message') && resp.message.includes('exist')) { btnBookmark.classList.add('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil disimpan', user_bookmark_url); } }) } } else { const login_url = "https://account.kompas.com/login/a29tcGFz/" + btoa(window.location.href); window.location.href = login_url; } } function set_bookmark(data) { const url = "https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/add"; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 201) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } else if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 400) { reject(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } }; xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"); xmlhttp.send(formBody(data)); }); } function set_unbookmark(data) { const url = "https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/delete"; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } else if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 400) { reject(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } }; xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"); xmlhttp.send(formBody(data)); }); } class UserFeedback { constructor(engine, pageurl, jxRecHelper, pos) { this.engine = engine; this.pageurl = pageurl; this.jxRecHelper = jxRecHelper; this.pos = pos; } event(feedback) { if (this.engine == 'C') { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); let params = { domain: 'kompas.com', ce_userid: getCookie('kmps_usrid'), ce_sessionid: getCookie('ukid'), ce_pageurl: this.pageurl, engine: 'C', ce_feedback: feedback } xmlhttp.open("GET", 'https://apis.kgdata.dev/v1/aiml/feedback-widgetml' + formatParams(params)); xmlhttp.send(); } else if (this.engine == 'V') { if (feedback == 'share') { this.jxRecHelper.shared(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'save') { this.jxRecHelper.bookmarked(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'not-interested') { this.jxRecHelper.hidden(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'un-not-interested') { this.jxRecHelper.unhidden(this.pos); } } } } function formatParams(params) { return "?" + Object .keys(params) .map(function(key) { return key + "=" + encodeURIComponent(params[key]) }) .join("&") } document.addEventListener("click", function(e){ let dx = document.querySelectorAll('[data-dropdown]') if(dx) { dx.forEach(function(el){ if(el.contains(e.target)) { el.parentElement.classList.toggle('-active') } else { el.parentElement.classList.remove('-active') } }) } })


Berita Terkait

Sejarah Terbentuknya Konstitusi di Indonesia

Bagaimana Pandangan Soepomo Tentang Pentingnya Konstitusi?

Negara Bagian RIS Berdasarkan Konstitusi RIS

Perbedaan Konstitusi dan UUD

Abikoesno Tjokrosoejoso, Arsitek yang Turut Merumuskan Konstitusi RI

I am a seasoned expert in constitutional law and political science, with a comprehensive understanding of the principles and functions of constitutions. My expertise is grounded in both theoretical knowledge and practical applications. I have not only extensively studied the subject but also actively engaged with legal and academic communities, contributing to the discourse on constitutional matters.

Now, diving into the article from Kompas.com dated 12/09/2023, 15:00 WIB, authored by Verelladevanka Adryamarthanino and edited by Tri Indriawati, the focus is on the Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar or UUD) of Indonesia, specifically the UUD 1945.

The article explains that a constitution is the entire system of a country's legal framework, comprising a set of rules to form, regulate, and govern the nation. In the case of Indonesia, it is referred to as UUD 1945. The constitution consists of two main parts: formal (formil) and material (materiil).

  1. Formil (Formal) Part:

    • Contains rules related to the highest bodies in the state.
    • Involves procedures and the establishment of bodies.
    • Encompasses fundamental structural principles of the state.
  2. Materiil (Material) Part:

    • Addresses values, purposes, and goals that the state aims to achieve.
    • Includes aspects such as democracy, social justice, and basic human rights.

The article then delves into the functions of the constitution, referencing Jimly Asshiddiqie, an Indonesian academic, who identifies ten functions of the constitution:

  1. Determining and Limiting State Power:

    • The constitution sets and restricts the powers of state organs.
  2. Regulating Relations between State Organs:

    • Governs the relationships and powers among state organs.
  3. Regulating Relations between State Organs and Citizens:

    • Deals with the interactions and powers between state organs and citizens.
  4. Providing Legitimacy:

    • Serves as a source of legitimacy for state power and activities.
  5. Channeling and Transferring Authority:

    • Directs and transfers authority from the original source (the people) to state organs.
  6. Symbolic Unification:

    • Acts as a symbolic force to unite the nation.
  7. Symbolic Reference for Identity and National Greatness:

    • Functions as a reference point for national identity and pride.
  8. Symbolic Center for Ceremonies:

    • Serves as a central element in ceremonies.
  9. Means of Controlling Society:

    • Acts as a tool for controlling and guiding society.
  10. Instrument for Engineering and Renewal of Society:

    • Functions as a means to shape and renew society.

Additionally, the article mentions other functions of the constitution, such as being a national document, birth certificate of a new nation, highest legal source, national identity, symbol of unity, tool to limit power, and protector of human rights.

Furthermore, the article emphasizes that a constitution should ideally have four main functions:

  1. Limitative Function:

    • Acts as a constraint on power.
  2. Integrative Function:

    • Requires a process of national integration.
  3. Protective Function:

    • Must regulate the rights of the people.
  4. Transformative Function:

    • Should engage in social engineering in line with societal developments.

The references cited in the article include Astim Riyanti's "Teori Konstitusi" and Jimly Asshiddiqie's "Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme di Indonesia."

In conclusion, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the constitution, its functions, and its importance in the context of Indonesia, drawing from authoritative sources in constitutional studies.

Fungsi Utama Konstitusi (2024)

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Name: Pres. Carey Rath

Birthday: 1997-03-06

Address: 14955 Ledner Trail, East Rodrickfort, NE 85127-8369

Phone: +18682428114917

Job: National Technology Representative

Hobby: Sand art, Drama, Web surfing, Cycling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Leather crafting, Creative writing

Introduction: My name is Pres. Carey Rath, I am a faithful, funny, vast, joyous, lively, brave, glamorous person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.